Ashtanga is the Sanskrit word for
Eight Limbs

Ashta-eight, anga-limbs.

The authoritative description of "eight-limb yoga" is given by the sage Patanjali in the Yoga Sutras. Estimates of the time of the Yoga Sutras range from 5000 BC to 300 AD. Yoga itself is far older and can be traced back to the culture of the Indus River Valley. The Yoga Sutras are the primary text of the science of yoga in which Patanjali collated and systematized existing techniques and knowledge of yoga.

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Information from other sites.

Ashtanga Yoga - is also the name given to the system of yoga taught by Sri K. Pattabhi Jois at the Ashtanga Yoga Research Institute in Mysore, India. This method of yoga involves synchronizing the breath with a progressive series of postures— producing intense internal heat.

8 Limbs - In Ashtanga Yoga a set series of postures are woven together using flowing movements to create one sequence. Each connecting move is synchronized with breath to become a meditation in movement. This sequencing of yoga postures is called vinyasa.

Om Sanskrit - more words